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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug01:14

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug

In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...

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Related Experiment Videos

Ban Tu Wan hepatotoxicity.

Eric Cortez1, Creagh Boulger, Aaron Bernard

  • 1Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|August 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain herbal supplements, like Ban Tu Wan, can cause acute liver failure. This case highlights the risks of unregulated herbal products and the need for greater oversight in the USA.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Toxicology
  • Integrative Medicine

Background:

  • Medications are a significant cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the USA, accounting for about 50% of cases.
  • This category includes herbal medications and dietary supplements, which often lack rigorous regulatory oversight.
  • Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern in clinical practice.

Observation:

  • This report details a case of fulminant hepatic failure in a patient who consumed Ban Tu Wan, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
  • The patient presented with severe liver dysfunction, indicative of a critical medical emergency.

Findings:

  • The consumption of Ban Tu Wan was identified as the likely cause of the patient's fulminant hepatic failure.
  • This case underscores the potential hepatotoxicity of certain herbal supplements.

Implications:

  • There is a critical need for enhanced regulatory scrutiny of herbal medications and supplements available in the USA.
  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for DILI when evaluating patients with acute liver injury, including those using herbal products.
  • Further research is warranted to identify and assess the safety profiles of commonly used herbal supplements.