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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Mouse in Utero Electroporation: Controlled Spatiotemporal Gene Transfection
09:30

Mouse in Utero Electroporation: Controlled Spatiotemporal Gene Transfection

Published on: August 15, 2011

Mouse ooplasm confers context-specific reprogramming capacity.

Michelle M Chan1, Zachary D Smith, Dieter Egli

  • 1Broad Institute of MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Nature Genetics
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) reprogramming in enucleated oocytes resets DNA methylation. This study reveals unique DNA demethylation targets and limitations in SCNT compared to fertilization dynamics.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

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Published on: August 15, 2011

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Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model
10:32

Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model

Published on: September 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Enucleated oocytes possess reprogramming capabilities essential for totipotency.
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a key technique in reproductive biology and regenerative medicine.
  • Understanding epigenetic reprogramming is crucial for improving SCNT efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genome-scale DNA methylation patterns following SCNT.
  • To compare DNA methylation dynamics after SCNT with those occurring during fertilization.
  • To identify specific targets and limitations of DNA demethylation during SCNT-mediated reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis.
  • Comparison of methylation patterns between SCNT oocytes and fertilized oocytes.
  • Identification of differentially methylated regions and their functional annotations.

Main Results:

  • SCNT induces genome-wide DNA demethylation, distinct from fertilization dynamics.
  • Specific targets for demethylation include germline-associated promoters.
  • Limitations in demethylation were observed for certain classes of repetitive elements.

Conclusions:

  • SCNT-mediated reprogramming involves targeted DNA demethylation with unique characteristics.
  • Epigenetic reprogramming efficiency in SCNT is influenced by specific genomic elements.
  • Further research is needed to overcome SCNT limitations for improved applications.