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Updated: May 19, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
Published on: September 7, 2013
Dermal delivery by niosomes of black tea extract as a sunscreen agent
Meng-I Yeh1, Hsiu-Chin Huang, Jia-Horng Liaw
1School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Objectives:
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using niosomes as a delivery vehicle for the dermal administration in vitro of black tea extract (BTE) as a sunscreen.
Methods:
Multi-lamellar niosomes were obtained by means of a previously reported method of lipid hydration films. In vitro penetration experiments through nude mouse skin were carried out to evaluate the potential of niosomes as a dermal formulation. The nude mouse skin membrane allowed the effects of penetration with a niosome formulation to be evaluated. Penetration rates of caffeine- and gallic acid-loaded niosomes in a steady state were higher than dispersion in aqueous solutions.
Results:
For skin permeation, higher transdermal absorption rates were seen with solutions of caffeine and gallic acid.
Conclusions:
In the near future, BTE as a sunscreen agent will be dermally delivered by niosomes.
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