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Related Concept Videos

Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Bias01:22

Bias

Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...

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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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Self-serving bias effects on job analysis ratings.

Jeffrey M Cucina1, Nicholas R Martin, Nicholas L Vasilopoulos

  • 1U.S. Customs and Border Protection, USA. jcucina@gmail.com

The Journal of Psychology
|August 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Area of Science:

  • Industrial-Organizational Psychology
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Self-serving bias is well-documented in social cognition but less so in I-O psychology.
  • Previous research linked self-serving bias to personality-based job analysis.
  • This study examines the bias in traditional job analysis using operational data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if subject matter experts' (SME) self-rated performance influences job analysis importance ratings.
  • To determine if SMEs rate competencies they possess as more important for job success.
  • To extend self-serving bias research to traditional job analysis competencies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an archival dataset of 26,682 participants across 57 clerical and technical occupations.
  • Analyzed the relationship between SME self-rated performance and competency importance ratings.
  • Applied controls for common method bias and occupational differences.

Main Results:

  • Found significant support for the self-serving bias in job analysis importance ratings.
  • Observed consistent relationships (around .30) between self-rated performance and importance for all 31 competencies.
  • Confirmed the bias extends beyond personality to broader job competencies.

Conclusions:

  • Subject matter experts' self-perceived competence influences their job analysis ratings.
  • The self-serving bias is present in traditional job analysis, impacting competency importance assessments.
  • This study provides empirical evidence using large-scale, real-world data, distinct from laboratory findings.