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Infant formula promotion and the health sector in the Philippines
B M Popkin1, M E Fernandez, J L Avila
1Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27514-3997.
Insights
The World Health Organization and Philippines Codes of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes significantly reduced infant formula distribution. Health facilities in Metropolitan Cebu saw a drastic decline in free and low-cost formula supplies due to industry compliance.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Policy
- Nutrition Science
Background:
- The marketing of breast milk substitutes has been a global public health concern.
- International and national regulations aim to protect and promote breastfeeding.
- Previous studies indicated varying levels of compliance with marketing codes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Government of the Philippines Codes of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes.
- To assess changes in the distribution of infant formula supplies in Metropolitan Cebu.
- To determine the level of industry compliance with the established marketing codes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from public and private health facilities in Metropolitan Cebu, Philippines.
- Collected data spanning three years: 1984, 1986, and 1988.
- Analyzed trends in the distribution of infant formula supplies before and after the implementation of the codes.
Main Results:
- A significant decrease in the distribution of free and low-cost infant formula was observed between 1986 and 1988.
- The study found near-complete compliance from the formula industry.
- The observed decline in distribution directly correlates with the enforcement of the marketing codes.
Conclusions:
- The implementation of the WHO and Government of the Philippines Codes of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes was effective in reducing infant formula distribution.
- High industry compliance contributed to the successful reduction in formula supplies.
- These findings support the effectiveness of regulatory measures in promoting breastfeeding and protecting infant health.
Abstract:
We use data collected in 1984, 1986, and 1988 from public and private health facilities in the Metropolitan Cebu area of the Philippines to assess effects of World Health Organization and Government of the Philippines Codes of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes on distribution of formula supplies. Distribution of free and low-cost infant formula declined drastically between 1986 and 1988. Industry compliance was almost complete.