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Related Concept Videos

Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation01:10

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation

Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next sampling...
Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff frequency...
Sampling Continuous Time Signal01:11

Sampling Continuous Time Signal

In signal processing, a continuous-time signal can be sampled using an impulse-train sampling technique, followed by the zero-order hold method. Impulse-train sampling involves the use of a periodic impulse train, which consists of a series of delta functions spaced at regular intervals determined by the sampling period. When a continuous-time signal is multiplied by this impulse train, it generates impulses with amplitudes corresponding to the signal's values at the sampling points.
In the...
Scaling01:26

Scaling

In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...
Continuous -time Fourier Transform01:11

Continuous -time Fourier Transform

The Fourier series is instrumental in representing periodic functions, offering a powerful method to decompose such functions into a sum of sinusoids. This technique, however, necessitates modification when applied to nonperiodic functions. Consider a pulse-train waveform consisting of a series of rectangular pulses. When these pulses have a finite period, they can be accurately represented by a Fourier series. Yet, as the period approaches infinity, resulting in a single, isolated pulse, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters
15:25

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters

Published on: February 4, 2018

Reconfigurable silicon filter with continuous bandwidth tunability.

Piero Orlandi1, Carlo Ferrari, Michael John Strain

  • 1Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informatica e Sistemistica, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40136, Italy. piero.orlandi@unibo.it

Optics Letters
|September 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed tunable silicon bandpass filters using Mach-Zehnder interferometers and ring resonators. These filters offer wide bandwidth tunability while maintaining performance, ideal for optical communication systems.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters
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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Integrated Optics
  • Semiconductor Devices

Background:

  • Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems require adaptable optical filters.
  • Existing tunable filters often face trade-offs between tunability and performance.
  • Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform offers advantages for integrated photonic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate compact tunable silicon-on-insulator (SOI) bandpass filters.
  • To achieve wide filter bandwidth tunability.
  • To maintain high off-band rejection.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with ring resonators.
  • Utilizing thermo-optic phase shifters for filter activation and tuning.
  • Fabrication on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated compact tunable SOI bandpass filters.
  • Achieved wide filter bandwidth tunability (10% to 90% of the free spectral range).
  • Preserved filter off-band rejection across the tunable range.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed filter architecture enables versatile bandwidth control.
  • These tunable filters are suitable for advanced optical communication applications.
  • Potential for reconfigurable and adaptive filtering in gridless optical networks.