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Related Concept Videos

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
10:35

Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: September 25, 2013

Hepatocellular carcinoma biology.

Boris Blechacz1, Lopa Mishra

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. bblechacz@mdanderson.org

Recent Results in Cancer Research. Fortschritte Der Krebsforschung. Progres Dans Les Recherches Sur Le Cancer
|September 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary liver cancer, has increasing incidence globally and a poor prognosis. Novel molecular therapies offer modest benefits, with research ongoing for better treatments.

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An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary liver cancer with globally varied incidence rates.
  • Western nations have seen a significant rise in HCC incidence over the past 30 years.
  • The prognosis for HCC is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of only 11%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of hepatocarcinogenesis and molecular signaling in HCC.
  • To discuss the development and modest benefits of novel molecular targeted therapies.
  • To highlight the importance of ongoing research for future HCC treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on hepatocarcinogenesis.
  • Analysis of molecular signaling pathways in HCC.
  • Evaluation of novel molecular targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages, limiting surgical treatment options.
  • HCC exhibits chemotherapy resistance, potentially due to stem-like tumor-initiating cells.
  • Novel molecular therapies have shown modest therapeutic benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HCC biology is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Further research into molecular pathways may lead to improved therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeted therapies represent a promising avenue for managing advanced HCC.