Chronic ethanol exposure before injury produces greater immune dysfunction after thermal injury in rats

Chronic alcoholics constitute a small but significant subgroup of burned patients. The effects of chronic alcohol exposure on immune function in burned patients has not to our knowledge been studied. This study was designed to determine the effect of chronic alcohol exposure before burn injury on immune function after injury in rats. Immune function assessed by in vivo chemotaxis and responsiveness of non-adherent splenocytes to both a T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A, and a B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide, was measured at 4 days after a 20% BSA full-thickness burn injury and/or gavage of 2.4 gm/kg/day of ethanol for 14 days. Chronic ethanol ingestion before burn injury produced significant suppression in chemotaxis and response to lipopolysaccharide but not in response to concanavalin A. These results suggest that chronic alcohol exposure before injury can contribute to further impaired immune function after injury, and may lead to increased susceptibility to infection and increased mortality.