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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...

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Safe and effective variability-a criterion for dose individualization.

Nicholas H G Holford1, Thierry Buclin

  • 1Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. n.holford@auckland.ac.nz

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
|September 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a criterion for individualizing drug dosage, ensuring safe and effective drug concentration variability. It helps decide if patient data alone or combined with therapeutic drug monitoring is needed for optimal dosing.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Pharmacometrics
  • Drug Dosing Optimization

Background:

  • Understanding dose-effect relationships is crucial for individualized drug therapy.
  • Clinical pharmacology aims to optimize medication regimens based on patient-specific factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a principle-based criterion for selecting optimal drug individualization methods.
  • To guide decisions on achieving safe and effective drug concentration variability.

Main Methods:

  • A novel criterion is introduced for comparing different drug individualization strategies.
  • The method involves assessing population variability in drug concentration.

Main Results:

  • Safe and effective variability establishes the upper limit for acceptable population variability in drug concentrations.
  • This metric allows for the quantification of variability around the population average.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed criterion aids in determining the necessity of therapeutic drug monitoring alongside patient covariates for dose individualization.
  • Decisions are based on comparing residual population variability with safe and effective variability thresholds.