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Animal models and conserved processes
1Americans For Medical Advancement (www,AFMA-curedisease,org), 2251 Refugio Rd, Goleta, CA 93117, USA. DrRayGreek@gmail.com
Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling
|September 12, 2012
Summary
Conserved processes in nonhuman animal models offer research opportunities but extrapolation is limited. Inter-species extrapolation is possible only when studying conserved processes at the same organizational level, not at higher, interconnected levels.
Area of Science:
- Biological Complexity
- Evolutionary Biology
- Comparative Medicine
Background:
- Nonhuman animal models are used in research due to conserved processes.
- Humans and animals are complex, adaptive systems with differing complexity.
- The implication of conserved genes/processes for inter-species extrapolation requires examination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the value of nonhuman animal models for studying conserved processes.
- To assess inter-species extrapolation of traits and responses related to conserved processes in complex living systems.
Main Methods:
- Literature survey across philosophy of science, biological complexity, evolutionary biology, comparative medicine, and drug development.
- Examination of conserved genes and processes in the context of complex adaptive systems.
- Analysis of inhalational anesthetic and anti-neoplastic agents' actions.
Main Results:
- Evolution generates species diversity through conserved components and processes, alongside novel functions.
- Conserved genes/processes can lead to unique organisms via new combinations or regulation.
- Complex living systems require a holistic approach, alternating between part-focused and whole-organism analysis.
Conclusions:
- Inter-species extrapolation is insufficient for traits at higher organizational levels or in different modules.
- Extrapolation is feasible when conserved processes are studied at the same organizational level and module, amenable to reductionism.
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