[Type 2 diabetes--a heterogeneous disease with a foetal predisposition]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Diseases
• Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)

Background:

• Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder with multifactorial origins.
• While genetic factors play a role, they explain only a small proportion of T2D cases.
• The intrauterine environment's influence on T2D development is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the role of the intrauterine environment in the global rise of Type 2 Diabetes.
• To explore the link between low birthweight, impaired adipose tissue expansion, and T2D pathogenesis.
• To highlight potential future strategies for T2D prevention and personalized treatment.

Main Methods:

• This study synthesizes existing research on T2D etiology, focusing on environmental factors during gestation.
• It examines the physiological consequences of impaired subcutaneous adipose tissue expandability.
• The analysis connects low birthweight to lipotoxicity in non-adipose tissues.

Main Results:

• Adverse intrauterine conditions are a significant driver of Type 2 Diabetes.
• Low birthweight is associated with reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue expandability.
• This impairment can lead to ectopic fat deposition and lipotoxicity, contributing to T2D.

Conclusions:

• The intrauterine environment plays a critical role in the propagation of Type 2 Diabetes.
• Strategies focusing on maternal health and fetal development are crucial for T2D prevention.
• Personalized treatment approaches for T2D patients may need to consider developmental origins.