Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...

Hypodermis

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Assessment of Growth in Cardio-Facio-Cutaneous Syndrome.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A·2026

Same author

Ethical considerations for teaching with artificial intelligence: a scoping review in medical education settings.

International journal of educational technology in higher education·2025

Same author

Carotenoid and vitamin A intake in infants and toddlers (0-24 months) - sources, contribution to vitamin A requirements, and demographic patterns (NHANES 2015-2020).

Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Candida auris Containment Responses in Health Care Facilities that Provide Hemodialysis Services - New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, 2020-2023.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report·2025

Same author

Randomized trial: Peppermint oil (menthol) pharmacokinetics in children and effects on gut motility in children with functional abdominal pain: 540 mg vs. 900 mg dose comparison.

British journal of clinical pharmacology·2025

Same author

Prediction models of basal energy expenditure in children and adolescents across the BMI spectrum based on room calorimetry: a cross-sectional cohort study.

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Obesity.

Salma Musaad¹, Erin Haynes

¹University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. salma.musaad@gmail.com

IARC Scientific Publications

|September 25, 2012

Summary

Biomarkers are crucial for understanding obesity-related diseases like cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, and cancer. This chapter explores their role in human health, covering exposure, effect, and susceptibility markers.

Area of Science:

Obesity research and associated chronic diseases.

Background:

Obesity's adverse effects necessitate biomarkers for understanding disease mechanisms, treatments, and prevention.
Emerging biomarkers are implicated in immune modulation and fat metabolism, pathways relevant to obesity-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the application of biomarkers in obesity research.
To examine biomarkers in the context of CVD, type 2 diabetes, and cancer.
To cover markers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility for these diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on biomarkers in obesity.
Analysis of animal and in vitro data regarding biomarker associations.
Discussion of human studies, acknowledging limitations such as ethnicity, gender, and sample size.

More Related Videos

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas

Published on: November 11, 2025

An Acupoint Catgut-embedding Therapy for Treating Obesity

An Acupoint Catgut-embedding Therapy for Treating Obesity

Published on: April 4, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas

Published on: November 11, 2025

An Acupoint Catgut-embedding Therapy for Treating Obesity

An Acupoint Catgut-embedding Therapy for Treating Obesity

Published on: April 4, 2025

Main Results:

Biomarkers play diverse roles in biological pathways linked to obesity-associated conditions.
While animal and in vitro studies show associations, robust human evidence is still developing.
Plasma biomarker levels are used for risk assessment in humans, but studies often have limitations.

Conclusions:

Biomarkers are essential tools for elucidating obesity-related disease mechanisms and guiding interventions.
Further human studies are needed to validate biomarker associations across diverse populations.
Understanding exposure, effect, and susceptibility markers is key to managing obesity and its comorbidities.