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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

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Geometry-controlled interface localization-delocalization transition in block copolymers.

Marcus Müller1

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August-Universität, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. mmueller@theorie.physik.uni-goettingen.de

Physical Review Letters
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Twisted lamellar copolymer films exhibit an interface localization-delocalization transition (ILDT) controlled by twist angle. The transition order depends on film thickness, shifting from second-order to first-order as thickness increases.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Lamellar copolymers form ordered domains within thin films.
  • Confined polymer films with patterned surfaces exhibit unique morphologies.
  • Surface patterns can influence the alignment and behavior of polymer domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of lamellar copolymer films confined between twisted, patterned surfaces.
  • To understand the interface localization-delocalization transition (ILDT) in these systems.
  • To determine how twist angle and film thickness affect the ILDT order.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling using a phenomenological interface Hamiltonian.
  • Molecular simulations to confirm theoretical predictions.
  • Analysis of lamellar domain registration with surface patterns.

Main Results:

  • Lamellar domains align with surface patterns, forming a twist grain boundary-like interface.
  • An interface localization-delocalization transition (ILDT) occurs, controlled by twist angle.
  • The ILDT is second-order for thin films and first-order for thicker films.
  • Transition order depends on film thickness and surface pattern selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The twist angle in patterned copolymer films dictates the interface behavior and transition order.
  • The ILDT in confined lamellar copolymers is analogous to transitions in symmetric mixtures.
  • Molecular simulations validate the theoretical framework for understanding these complex morphologies.