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Related Concept Videos

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
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Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car begins...
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When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
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Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
13:57

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

Published on: December 24, 2014

How things get stuck: kinetics, elastohydrodynamics, and soft adhesion.

Madhav Mani1, Arvind Gopinath, L Mahadevan

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We studied fluid-immersed colloidal particle adhesion to polymer-coated surfaces. Adhesion occurs in punctuated steps, with rapid binding followed by slow aging, and particles may become unstable.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloidal Science
  • Polymer Physics

Background:

  • Soft, wet adhesion is crucial in biological and artificial systems.
  • Understanding colloidal particle interactions with polymer-coated surfaces is key to controlling adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically model the adhesion of a fluid-immersed colloidal particle to a substrate with polymeric tethers.
  • To elucidate the interplay between binding kinetics, tether elasticity, and fluid hydrodynamics in adhesion.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical framework incorporating binding kinetics, tether elasticity, and fluid drainage.
  • Analyzed adhesion dynamics using three dimensionless parameters: drainage time to binding kinetics ratio, elastic to thermal energy ratio, and particle size to polymer brush height ratio.

Main Results:

  • Adhesion proceeds through punctuated steps: rapid transitions to bound states interspersed with slow aging transients.
  • Observed behavior aligns with recent experimental findings on soft adhesion.
  • Identified susceptibility of bound particles to substrate-parallel, fluctuation-driven instabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theory accurately models soft, wet adhesion phenomena.
  • Punctuated adhesion dynamics and aging are characteristic of colloidal particle interactions with polymer brushes.
  • Potential for particle detachment via instabilities highlights the dynamic nature of adhesion.