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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

Measurable quantum geometric phase from a rotating single spin.

D Maclaurin1, M W Doherty, L C L Hollenberg

  • 1School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.

Physical Review Letters
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed geometric phases in a single nitrogen-vacancy defect within a rotating diamond. This quantum system

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising solid-state qubits.
  • Geometric phases are fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics, distinct from dynamical phases.
  • Previous studies have explored geometric phases in various quantum systems, but not typically in single, atom-scale defects undergoing macroscopic rotation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the acquisition of geometric phases by the internal magnetic states of a single nitrogen-vacancy defect.
  • To investigate the potential for measuring these geometric phase shifts under realistic experimental conditions.
  • To establish a novel method for observing geometric phase accumulation in a single atom-scale quantum system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a single nitrogen-vacancy defect embedded within a diamond crystal.
  • Inducing macroscopic rotation of the diamond crystal.
  • Preparing and manipulating the spin states of the nitrogen-vacancy defect.
  • Measuring the relative phase between components of a superposition of magnetic substates.

Main Results:

  • The internal magnetic states of the nitrogen-vacancy defect were shown to acquire geometric phases.
  • A measurable phase shift, up to four radians, was demonstrated under feasible experimental parameters.
  • The observed phase shift is a direct consequence of the crystal's macroscopic rotation.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first measurement of geometric phase accumulation in a single, atom-scale quantum system due to macroscopic rotation.
  • The findings open new avenues for exploring fundamental quantum mechanics and developing novel quantum sensing or metrology applications.
  • The nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond serves as a robust platform for observing subtle quantum phenomena.