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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

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Updated: May 18, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Confined doping on a metallic atomic chain structure.

I Barke¹, S Polei, V v Oeynhausen

¹Department of Physics, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|September 26, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Metallic quantum wires on Si(111)-(5×2)-Au show electronic structure dependent on section length. Confined doping in these low-dimensional systems explains unique photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy features.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

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Published on: January 19, 2018

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

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Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

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Published on: May 10, 2021

Area of Science:

Surface Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

The electronic properties of low-dimensional metallic nanostructures are crucial for future electronic devices.
Understanding quantum confinement effects in metallic systems is key to manipulating their behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the local electronic structure of metallic quantum wires on Si(111)-(5×2)-Au.
To determine the factors influencing electronic properties in confined metallic systems.

Main Methods:

Utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) to probe the surface.
Analyzing photoemission features to understand electronic band structure.

Main Results:

Metallic sections of quantum wires exhibit electronic structures primarily defined by their length.
Confined doping in these 1D systems leads to unique electronic behaviors not seen in higher dimensions.
A combination of spatially independent charge-carrier concentration and Coulomb-like interactions from dopants influences the electronic properties.

Conclusions:

The length of metallic sections in quantum wires dictates their local electronic structure.
The observed phenomena provide an explanation for broad photoemission features and complex STM/STS images.
This study highlights the importance of dimensionality in controlling electronic properties of nanostructured materials.