Somatosensory evoked potentials in rat cerebral cortex before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion

We recorded somatosensory evoked potentials in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Trigeminal (vibrissae), median (forelimb), and sciatic (hind limb) nerve stimuli produced consistent, robust, and sharply localized responses in the trigeminal, forelimb, and hind limb regions of the somatosensory cortex of 18 rats. These regions are situated at sequentially greater distances from the center of infarcts produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. In eight rats, occlusion 1-2 mm below the rhinal fissure abolished somatosensory evoked potentials in all three cortical region within minutes. Positive wavelets preceding the primary cortical response were also diminished by the occlusion, suggesting that ischemia affected the thalamocortical white matter. Four of these eight rats did not show histologically apparent ischemic involvement of the hind limb cortical region at 3 hours after occlusion; sciatic nerve evoked potentials recovered substantially in all four rats, and the amplitudes exceeded baseline (129 +/- 30% at 1 hour, 173 +/- 33% at 3 hours) in three of the four rats. Three of the eight rats did not have gross ischemic involvement of the forelimb cortical region; median nerve evoked potentials recovered fully in all eight rats, but the amplitudes did not exceed baseline. All eight rats had evidence of ischemic damage in the trigeminal cortex; no rat showed full recovery in this region, and all but one had trigeminal evoked potentials that were less than 20% of baseline amplitudes by 3 hours after occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)