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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

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Published on: September 19, 2019

Assessing expressed emotion during pregnancy.

Mijke P Lambregtse-van den Berg¹, Nicole Lucassen, Maaike F Kuipers-Nap

¹Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Psychiatry Research

|October 2, 2012

Summary

High expressed emotion (EE) affects 6% of pregnant women. It is linked to first-time motherhood, low income, and adverse childhood experiences like trauma or lack of warmth.

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Perinatal Mental Health
Family Studies

Background:

Expressed emotion (EE) is a measure of the level of criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement expressed by relatives towards a patient.
High EE has been associated with poorer outcomes in various psychiatric conditions.
Understanding EE in pregnant women is crucial for identifying potential risks to maternal and infant well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the prevalence of high expressed emotion (EE) in a cohort of pregnant women.
To identify demographic and psychosocial factors associated with high EE during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

Utilized an adapted version of the five-minute speech sample (FMSS) to measure EE.
Assessed 847 pregnant women.

Main Results:

The prevalence of high EE among pregnant women was found to be 6%.
Significant associations were identified between high EE and primiparity (having a first child).
Low income, history of maternal childhood trauma, and perceived lack of parental emotional warmth during childhood were also significantly linked to high EE.

Conclusions:

A notable minority of pregnant women exhibit high expressed emotion.
Factors such as socioeconomic status, personal trauma history, and early life experiences are significant correlates of high EE in this population.
These findings highlight the need for targeted mental health support during pregnancy, particularly for women with identified risk factors.