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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

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Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
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Extrinsic spin Nernst effect from first principles.

Katarina Tauber1, Martin Gradhand, Dmitry V Fedorov

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany. ktauber@mpi-halle.mpg.de

Physical Review Letters
|October 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We describe the spin Nernst effect, a thermal transport phenomenon generating spin currents from temperature gradients. Our study focuses on the extrinsic skew scattering mechanism in dilute alloys using advanced computational methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • The spin Nernst effect generates spin currents transverse to temperature gradients.
  • It is analogous to the spin Hall effect, driven by electric fields.
  • Understanding its mechanisms is crucial for spintronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an ab initio description of the spin Nernst effect.
  • To investigate the extrinsic skew scattering mechanism, dominant in dilute alloys.
  • To apply these methods to copper hosts with specific impurities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a fully relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) method.
  • Solving the linearized Boltzmann equation for transport phenomena.
  • Employing first-principles calculations for material properties.

Main Results:

  • Quantified the contribution of extrinsic skew scattering to the spin Nernst effect.
  • Calculated spin Nernst coefficients for Cu with Au, Ti, and Bi impurities.
  • Demonstrated the predictive power of the ab initio approach.

Conclusions:

  • The extrinsic skew scattering mechanism plays a significant role in the spin Nernst effect in dilute alloys.
  • First-principles calculations provide a robust framework for studying spin-dependent thermal transport.
  • Results offer insights for designing materials with enhanced spin Nernst properties.