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Cranial electrotherapy stimulation and transcranial pulsed current stimulation: a computer based high-resolution

Abhishek Datta1, Jacek P Dmochowski, Berkan Guleyupoglu

  • 1Neural Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY 10031, USA. abhishek.datta@gmail.com

Neuroimage
|October 9, 2012
PubMed
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Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) models show current reaches deep brain structures, similar to cortical areas. Electrode placement significantly impacts current flow, guiding optimized transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) design.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques like tDCS and TMS are established, but related methods like CES show untapped potential.
  • Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is a form of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) with promising clinical results.
  • Understanding CES mechanisms is crucial for its development and application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model CES using a high-resolution MRI-derived finite element head model.
  • To analyze electric field intensities and distributions in cortical and subcortical structures.
  • To evaluate the impact of different CES electrode configurations on current flow.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a finite element head model incorporating cortical and subcortical structures using MRI data.

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  • Simulated CES with various electrode montages, including in-ear and over-ear configurations.
  • Analyzed current density peak intensities and distributions across different brain regions.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant current penetration through the skull to both cortical and subcortical areas was confirmed.
    • Subcortical structures (midbrain, pons, thalamus, hypothalamus) experienced current magnitudes comparable to cortical areas.
    • Electrode montage variations critically influenced current distribution in superficial and deep brain structures.

    Conclusions:

    • CES effectively delivers current to both superficial and deep brain regions.
    • Electrode configuration is a key determinant of current flow patterns in CES.
    • These findings support the development of optimized tPCS and CES protocols using advanced modeling and dose design tools.