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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

HIV transmission.

George M Shaw¹, Eric Hunter

¹Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

|October 9, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission primarily involves CCR5-tropic viruses, often originating from a single virus. Further research is needed to understand if HIV-1 transmission is random or if specific viral traits facilitate it.

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Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

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Published on: January 31, 2020

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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

Published on: January 31, 2020

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission occurs via sexual contact, maternal-infant exposure, and percutaneous inoculation.
CCR5-tropic viruses (R5 viruses) are preferentially transmitted, though the underlying reasons are not fully understood.
Acute HIV-1 infection involves rapid viral replication and diversification, enabling identification of transmitted/founder viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission.
To determine if HIV-1 transmission is a stochastic process or influenced by specific viral features.
To identify factors relevant to HIV-1 vaccine design and prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

Analysis of viral and host markers in blood plasma during acute infection.
Molecular identification and characterization of transmitted/founder virus genomes.
Utilizing human tissue explant and animal models with relevant challenge virus strains.

Main Results:

Sexual transmission of HIV-1 frequently results in infection from a single virus, indicating a significant transmission bottleneck.
The preferential transmission of R5 viruses is observed across all transmission routes.
Viral diversification occurs during the acute phase of infection.

Conclusions:

HIV-1 transmission involves an extreme bottleneck, with sexual transmission often initiated by a single virus.
Further research using advanced models is crucial to elucidate fundamental mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission.
Understanding transmission dynamics is vital for developing effective HIV-1 vaccines and prevention methods.