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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

Genotyping embryonic stem (ES) cells.

¹University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Current Protocols in Toxicology

|October 10, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a method for isolating DNA from cell clones grown in 96-well plates. The purified DNA is suitable for Southern blotting and PCR to confirm the genotype of embryonic stem cell (ES) clones.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biotechnology

Background:

Efficient DNA extraction is crucial for genetic analysis.
High-throughput screening of cell clones requires scalable methods.
Characterizing embryonic stem cell (ES) clones is essential for regenerative medicine and developmental biology research.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a reliable method for DNA isolation from cell clones cultured in 96-well plates.
To provide DNA suitable for downstream genetic verification techniques.

Main Methods:

Culturing of cell clones in 96-well plates.
DNA isolation protocol optimized for small-volume cultures.
Application of extracted DNA in Southern blotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Main Results:

Successful isolation of high-quality DNA from ES cell clones.
Demonstrated utility of the isolated DNA for Southern blotting.
Demonstrated utility of the isolated DNA for PCR-based genotyping.

Conclusions:

The described DNA isolation method is effective for 96-well plate cultures.
The protocol facilitates efficient genetic verification of ES cell clones.
This method supports high-throughput genetic analysis in molecular biology and stem cell research.