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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
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Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

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Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

Parkinson subtypes progress differently in clinical course and imaging pattern.

Carsten Eggers1, David J Pedrosa, Deniz Kahraman

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Plos One
|October 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease subtypes show different progression. Akinetic-rigid patients experience faster symptom worsening and greater dopamine loss than tremor-dominant patients over time.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
05:17

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms.
  • PD is often classified into subtypes, such as tremor-dominant (TD) and akinetic-rigid (AR).
  • The differential disease course and progression patterns between these subtypes are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if Parkinson's disease subtypes exhibit distinct patterns of FP-CIT-SPECT binding.
  • To compare the disease progression of tremor-dominant versus akinetic-rigid PD subtypes over time.

Main Methods:

  • 27 Parkinson's disease patients (14 TD, 13 AR) underwent FP-CIT-SPECT imaging and UPDRS III clinical ratings at baseline and after a mean of 2.47 years.
  • Patients were classified into TD or AR subtypes based on clinical scores.
  • Quantitative analysis of FP-CIT-SPECT binding in the putamen and caudate nucleus was performed and compared between baseline and follow-up for each subtype.

Main Results:

  • No significant baseline differences in age, disease duration, medication, UPDRS III, or FP-CIT-SPECT binding were observed between TD and AR subtypes.
  • At follow-up, akinetic-rigid patients showed a statistically significant reduction in dopaminergic uptake and a significant increase in UPDRS III scores.
  • Tremor-dominant patients exhibited less pronounced clinical symptom and dopaminergic deficit progression, which did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • This study demonstrates a more rapid progression of clinical symptoms and in vivo dopaminergic deficit in akinetic-rigid PD patients compared to tremor-dominant PD patients.
  • These findings highlight subtype-specific disease trajectories in Parkinson's disease.
  • The results can inform therapeutic trial design and improve prognostic predictions for PD patients.