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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Pople Notation01:09

¹H NMR: Pople Notation

The Pople nomenclature system classifies spin systems based on the difference between their chemical shifts. Coupled spins are denoted by capital letters with subscripts indicating the number of equivalent nuclei. When the coupled nuclei have well-separated chemical shifts, they are assigned letters that are far apart in the alphabet, such as A and X. When the difference in chemical shifts is small, coupled nuclei are named using adjacent letters of the alphabet (AB, MN, or XY).
A proton...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
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VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes02:52

VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes

Overview of VSEPR Theory
Phylogenetic Species Concept in Microbiology01:22

Phylogenetic Species Concept in Microbiology

The phylogenetic species concept (PSC) is a framework used to delineate species based on evolutionary relationships, emphasizing shared ancestry and diagnosable genetic traits. Unlike morphological or biological species concepts, the PSC is particularly advantageous for microbial taxonomy, where traditional reproductive or phenotypic criteria often fall short due to the prevalence of asexual reproduction, minimal morphological differentiation, and widespread horizontal gene transfer among...
VSEPR Theory02:37

VSEPR Theory

Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure around a central atom from an examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between these electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form either bonding...
Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe
09:34

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Published on: December 4, 2016

SPME--quo vadis?

Barbara Bojko1, Erasmus Cudjoe, German A Gómez-Ríos

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|October 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) offers advanced sampling and sample preparation for chemical, bioanalytical, and environmental analyses. Recent innovations enhance its utility in clinical and pharmaceutical applications, enabling on-site measurements and complex matrix analysis.

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Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals
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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe
09:34

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Published on: December 4, 2016

Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals
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Published on: February 13, 2021

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool
05:31

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Published on: May 25, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Bioanalytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Solid phase microextraction (SPME) has evolved significantly over two decades.
  • SPME has revolutionized sampling and sample preparation across various scientific disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in SPME and related technologies.
  • To highlight emerging applications in clinical and pharmaceutical sciences.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of in-vial standard gas systems for high-throughput calibration.
  • Description of thin film geometries for enhanced extraction efficiency in GC/LC.
  • Review of SPME coupling with portable instruments for on-site analysis.

Main Results:

  • Advances in sorbent preparation for direct extraction from complex biological matrices.
  • Applications in food analysis, therapeutic drug monitoring, and pharmacokinetics.
  • Integration of SPME in metabolomics and clinical biomarker monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • SPME continues to expand its impact, particularly in clinical and pharmaceutical analysis.
  • Recent developments facilitate more efficient, sensitive, and on-site analytical measurements.
  • SPME is poised for significant future contributions to medical and diagnostic fields.