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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...

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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Component Analysis of Simple Span vs. Complex Span Adaptive Working Memory Exercises: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Bradley S Gibson1, William G Kronenberger, Dawn M Gondoli

  • 1University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
|October 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive working memory (WM) training, like Cogmed-RM, may not effectively boost secondary memory (SM) capacity. Modifying training with complex span exercises did not improve SM, suggesting current methods are limited.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Growing interest exists in adaptive training interventions, such as Cogmed-RM, to enhance working memory (WM) capacity.
  • Current interventions like Cogmed-RM may not optimally target all components of WM, specifically secondary memory (SM).
  • The efficacy of WM training is debated, particularly regarding its ability to improve SM capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether modifying Cogmed-RM with complex span exercises can improve secondary memory (SM) capacity.
  • To test the hypothesis that simple span exercises in standard Cogmed-RM do not sufficiently challenge primary memory (PM), thus limiting SM improvement.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of span-based working memory interventions in enhancing SM.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were randomly assigned to either a standard training condition using simple span exercises (N = 31) or a modified condition using complex span exercises (N = 30).
  • Both groups underwent adaptive training interventions designed to target working memory capacity.
  • The study compared the changes in secondary memory (SM) capacity between the two training conditions.

Main Results:

  • Secondary memory (SM) capacity did not show significant improvement in either the standard (simple span) or the modified (complex span) training condition.
  • The results indicate that converting simple span exercises to complex span exercises did not enhance the training's effectiveness for SM.
  • The study found no evidence that the tested span-based working memory interventions could increase SM capacity.

Conclusions:

  • The potency of span-based working memory (WM) interventions cannot be simply increased by converting simple span exercises into complex span exercises.
  • Current adaptive training interventions may not be optimally designed to target and improve secondary memory (SM) capacity.
  • Further research is needed to develop more effective strategies for enhancing working memory, particularly its secondary memory component.