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A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
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Flat-focal-field integrated spectrometer using a field-flattening lens.

B Imran Akca1, Gabriel Sengo, Markus Pollnau

  • 1Integrated Optical MicroSystems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede 7500, The Netherlands. B.I.Akca@utwente.nl

Optics Letters
|October 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) design with an integrated lens to reduce crosstalk. This innovation improves peripheral channel performance by 2 dB with minimal extra loss, benefiting future high-channel-count devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Integrated Optics
  • Waveguide Devices

Background:

  • Arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs) are crucial for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in optical communication systems.
  • Minimizing crosstalk, especially at the edges of the channel spectrum, is essential for maintaining signal integrity.
  • Existing AWG designs face challenges in achieving optimal field distribution, leading to increased crosstalk in high-channel-count devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel flat-focal-field AWG design incorporating an integrated field-flattening lens.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of a silicon nitride (SiN) layer in a silicon oxynitride environment for creating the lens.
  • To experimentally validate the performance improvements offered by the lens in 81-channel AWGs.

Main Methods:

  • A new AWG design featuring an integrated field-flattening lens in the second star coupler was developed.
  • The effective index difference for the lens was achieved using a SiN layer within a silicon oxynitride environment.
  • Two distinct lens designs were implemented, and 81-channel AWGs with and without the lens were fabricated and characterized.

Main Results:

  • Adjacent crosstalk at peripheral channels was improved by 2 dB in AWGs with the integrated lens.
  • The lens introduced only an additional 0.4 dB of excess loss.
  • Performance improvements are projected to be more significant for AWGs with a higher number of output waveguides, with an estimated ~16 dB improvement for 200-channel devices.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated field-flattening lens is an effective method for reducing crosstalk in AWGs.
  • The proposed SiN/silicon oxynitride approach provides a viable way to implement the field-flattening lens.
  • This design offers a promising solution for enhancing the performance of future high-density WDM systems.