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Celiac disease in the developing world.

Kassem Barada1, Hussein Abu Daya, Kamran Rostami

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad-El-Solh Beirut, Lebanon.

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|October 23, 2012
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Celiac disease (CD) is prevalent in developing nations, often overlooked due to low awareness. Diagnosis involves serology and biopsies, but gluten-free diets are challenging to maintain.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) prevalence is comparable in developing and developed countries, affecting both low- and high-risk groups.
  • The condition is frequently underestimated in developing regions due to limited disease awareness.
  • CD is significantly linked to HLA-DQ2, a genetic marker, in these populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prevalence and diagnostic challenges of celiac disease in developing countries.
  • To underscore the clinical manifestations and genetic associations of CD in these regions.
  • To address the difficulties in adhering to gluten-free diets due to food availability.

Main Methods:

  • Serological tests for initial diagnosis.
  • Small intestinal biopsies for confirmation.
  • Review of clinical presentations including chronic diarrhea, anemia, stunting, and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Celiac disease shows similar prevalence rates in developing and developed countries.
  • HLA-DQ2 association is strong in developing countries.
  • Clinical symptoms include chronic diarrhea, anemia, stunting, and increased mortality; atypical and silent forms are understudied.
  • Treatment adherence is hindered by the limited availability of gluten-free foods.

Conclusions:

  • Celiac disease is a significant health concern in developing countries, requiring increased awareness and diagnostic efforts.
  • Genetic predisposition (HLA-DQ2) plays a key role.
  • Improving access to gluten-free food is crucial for effective management and treatment adherence.