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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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The Influence of Affect on Cognition

Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
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Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...

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Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
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Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

Affective value and associative processing share a cortical substrate.

Amitai Shenhav1, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Moshe Bar

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ashenhav@princeton.edu

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|October 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) processes both emotional value and how objects relate to each other. This brain region integrates affective value and associativity to guide perception and action.

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
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Published on: August 26, 2011

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

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Published on: April 15, 2015

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Affective Neuroscience

Background:

  • The brain forms associative memories, connecting related information for prediction.
  • The brain also encodes and retrieves affective (emotional) value of environmental stimuli.
  • The medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) shows activation linked to both association and affect, causing interpretation ambiguity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the role of the mOFC in processing affective value and associative information.
  • To determine if mOFC activity is driven by affect, association, or both.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan subjects during an object recognition task.
  • Objects were independently varied in affective valence and degree of association (associativity).
  • Statistical analyses examined mOFC sensitivity to valence and associativity, controlling for their interrelationship.

Main Results:

  • The left mOFC exhibited overlapping sensitivity to both positive affective valence and higher associativity.
  • Both affective value and associativity independently predicted mOFC responses.
  • These findings suggest the mOFC integrates these two properties.

Conclusions:

  • The mOFC's function may be broad, encompassing associations with outcomes and other stimuli.
  • Alternatively, the mOFC may abstractly use valence and associativity to inform perception and action.
  • A fundamental link between associativity and positive affect is suggested.