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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Microscopic model for ultrafast remagnetization dynamics.

Raghuveer Chimata1, Anders Bergman, Lars Bergqvist

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Physical Review Letters
|October 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models ultrafast remagnetization of atomic moments above the Curie temperature using laser fluence. Complex magnetic property evolution arises from electron, spin, and lattice interactions over femtoseconds to picoseconds.

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High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements
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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements
08:50

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Ultrafast Magnetism

Background:

  • Atomic moments can be quenched above the Stoner-Curie temperature.
  • Strong laser fluence can induce ultrafast remagnetization.
  • Understanding the dynamics of magnetic materials under extreme conditions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a microscopic model for ultrafast remagnetization.
  • To analyze the temporal evolution of atomic and macroscopic magnetization.
  • To investigate the interplay between electron, spin, and lattice subsystems.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles density functional theory (DFT).
  • Atomistic spin dynamics using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation.
  • Three-temperature model (3TM).

Main Results:

  • Simulations cover time scales from femtoseconds to picoseconds.
  • Observed complex temporal behavior in magnetic properties.
  • Demonstrated intricate time evolution of atomic moments due to subsystem interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay of electron, spin, and lattice subsystems drives non-monotonic magnetization.
  • Microscopic model explains ultrafast remagnetization dynamics.
  • Provides insights into laser-induced magnetic transitions.