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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

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Published on: September 20, 2018

Deciphering the transcriptional cis-regulatory code.

J Omar Yáñez-Cuna1, Evgeny Z Kvon, Alexander Stark

  • 1Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|October 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding enhancers, the genomic regions controlling gene expression, is key. This review details progress in deciphering the cis-regulatory code, essential for interpreting gene regulation.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Published on: September 20, 2018

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
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Published on: March 7, 2018

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Enhancers are crucial regulatory elements in the non-coding genome, orchestrating developmental gene expression.
  • Interpreting the cis-regulatory code of enhancers remains a significant challenge in modern biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review three decades of research on enhancer properties.
  • To discuss recent advancements providing insights into animal genome regulatory elements.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies spanning the last 30 years.
  • Analysis of recent computational and functional characterization approaches.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding enhancer characteristics.
  • New approaches offer unprecedented insights into regulatory elements within animal genomes.

Conclusions:

  • Functional characterization of entire genomes combined with computational methods will yield a comprehensive view of genomic regulatory elements.
  • Understanding the sequence basis of the cis-regulatory code is becoming increasingly attainable.