Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 17, 2026
08:55
Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
Published on: April 24, 2020
Relationship between intraocular pressure and glaucoma onset and progression
Stefano Miglior1, Francesca Bertuzzi
1Clinica Oculistica, Policlinico di Monza, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. stefano.miglior@unimib.it
Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|November 6, 2012
Summary
High intraocular pressure is a key modifiable risk factor for open-angle glaucoma development and progression. Each mmHg increase in intraocular pressure elevates glaucoma risk by 10%.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Glaucoma Research
- Intraocular Pressure
Background:
- Open-angle glaucoma is a complex, multifactorial eye disease.
- Elevated intraocular pressure is a primary modifiable risk factor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the association between intraocular pressure and open-angle glaucoma.
- To evaluate the impact of intraocular pressure fluctuations on disease course.
Main Methods:
- Review of randomized controlled clinical trials.
- Analysis of intraocular pressure metrics: mean value, short-term, and long-term fluctuations.
Main Results:
- High intraocular pressure is significantly linked to glaucoma onset and progression.
- Each 1 mmHg increase in intraocular pressure corresponds to a 10% higher risk of glaucoma development and progression.
- Mean intraocular pressure is the most significant factor currently identified.
Conclusions:
- Reducing intraocular pressure is crucial for managing open-angle glaucoma.
- The role of intraocular pressure fluctuations requires further investigation.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
01:28Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
01:29Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
01:14Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction
Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
01:27Diabetic Retinopathy
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...