Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs04:01

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unexpected formation of a co-crystal containing the chalcone (<i>E</i>)-1-(5-chloro-thio-phen-2-yl)-3-(3-methyl-thio-phen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one and the keto-enol tautomer (<i>Z</i>)-1-(5-chloro-thio-phen-2-yl)-3-(3-methyl-thio-phen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-ol.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2020
Same author

Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and supra-molecularity of ethyl (<i>E</i>)-2-cyano-3-(3-methyl-thio-phen-2-yl)acrylate and a new polymorph of ethyl (<i>E</i>)-2-cyano-3-(thio-phen-2-yl)acrylate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2019
Same author

Synthesis of Fluorescent 1-(3-Amino-4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-6-(p-tolyl)furo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-one: Crystal Structure, Fluorescence Behavior, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies.

Journal of fluorescence·2018
Same author

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Fluorescent Assessment of 1,3,5-Triaryl-2-pyrazoline Derivatives: Experimental and Theoretical Studies.

Journal of fluorescence·2016
Same author

Synthesis of novel p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene Schiff bases and their complexes with C60, potential HIV-Protease inhibitors.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2014
Same author

Selective phytotoxic activity of 2,3,11β,13-tetrahydroaromaticin and ilicic acid isolated from Inula graveolens.

Natural product research·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

2,6-Dimethyl-pyridinium bromide.

Salim F Haddad1, Basem F Ali, Rawhi Al-Far

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|November 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of 2,6-dimethyl-pyridinium bromide, revealing how hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions create intricate 3D networks. The findings offer insights into supramolecular assembly in ionic salts.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding the crystal structure of organic salts is crucial for predicting their physical and chemical properties.
  • 2,6-dimethyl-pyridinium bromide is an ionic compound with potential applications in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of 2,6-dimethyl-pyridinium bromide.
  • To characterize the hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions governing the crystal packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding (N-H⋯Br, C-H⋯Br) and aryl π-π interactions was performed.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

  • The asymmetric unit contains two 2,6-dimethyl-pyridinium cations and two bromide anions.
  • Hydrogen bonding generates infinite chains and sheets, which alternate in the crystal packing.
  • Aryl π-π interactions connect these motifs into a 3D network.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure of 2,6-dimethyl-pyridinium bromide is characterized by a complex 3D network formed by hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions.
  • The study provides a detailed understanding of supramolecular assembly in this ionic salt.
  • These findings contribute to the broader knowledge of crystal engineering and the design of functional materials.