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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

Carbohydrate Digestion

Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

Carbohydrate Absorption

Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
After being swallowed, the partially digested carbohydrates mix with gastric secretions in the stomach. However, the acidic environment...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...

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Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice
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Carbohydrate-protein coingestion improves multiple-sprint running performance.

Jamie Highton1, Craig Twist, Kevin Lamb

  • 1University of Chester, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, United Kingdom. j.highton@chester.ac.uk

Journal of Sports Sciences
|November 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Consuming carbohydrate-protein beverages may enhance multiple-sprint sports performance compared to carbohydrate alone. This study suggests potential benefits for exercise capacity and reduced fatigue during intense intermittent exercise.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • Acute carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance.
  • The impact of carbohydrate-protein on intermittent sprint exercise is less understood.
  • Optimizing fuel strategies is crucial for team sport athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) versus carbohydrate-protein (CHO-P) beverages on simulated multiple-sprint sport performance.
  • To investigate the influence of these beverages on physiological and perceptual responses during intermittent exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Nine participants completed a modified Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test with self-regulated exercise blocks.
  • Participants consumed either an 8% CHO or a 6% CHO + 2% whey protein beverage every 15 minutes.
  • Performance metrics, including distance covered and maximal speed, were recorded alongside physiological and perceptual measures.

Main Results:

  • While not statistically significant, CHO-P ingestion showed a trend towards improved distance covered and maximal speed compared to CHO alone.
  • Average running speed declined in the final sprint of the CHO trial, but protein intake appeared to mitigate this decline.
  • No significant differences were found in body mass, plasma volume, heart rate, RPE, blood glucose, or insulin levels between trials.

Conclusions:

  • Carbohydrate-protein ingestion may offer performance benefits over carbohydrate alone in multiple-sprint exercise.
  • Potential mechanisms include altered central fatigue or increased protein utilization during exercise.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying physiological adaptations.