Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Underrepresented in Medicine and International Graduate Bias in the CASPer Situational Judgment Test for Ophthalmology Residency Applicants in 2022-2023.

Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)·2025
Same author

Expanding Access to 3D Technology in Plastic Surgery of the Breast: Validation of the iPhone Against the Vectra H2.

Aesthetic surgery journal·2024
Same author

Putting our heads together: The future of craniopagus twin separation.

Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·2024
Same author

The status of women in academic ophthalmology: Authorship of papers, presentations, and academic promotions.

Clinical & experimental ophthalmology·2024
Same author

Assessing an Exposure Keratopathy Prevention Strategy in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Eye & contact lens·2023
Same author

Comparing Postoperative Taping vs Customized 3D Splints for Managing Nasal Edema after Rhinoplasty.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open·2023
Same journal

TeleROP-NI: Modernizing Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening in Northern Ireland to Enhance Decision-making and Ensure Sustainability.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
Same journal

Ocular Microstructural Alterations in Children With Spina Bifida: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
Same journal

Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Their Relationship With Optic Nerve Head Alterations in Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
Same journal

Evaluating Large Language Models to Improve Spanish Patient Education on Childhood Glaucoma.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
Same journal

Comparative Evaluation of Unilateral Recession-Plication Versus Bilateral Three-Muscle Surgery for Large-Angle Exotropia.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
Same journal

Long-term Visual Sequelae of Shaken Baby Syndrome: A Retrospective Study of 52 Cases.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Strabismus in craniosynostosis.

Jamie B Rosenberg1, Oren M Tepper, Norman B Medow

  • 1Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA. Jamiebella78@gmail.com

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
|November 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strabismus, or eye misalignment, is frequent in craniosynostosis syndromes. This review covers its occurrence, causes like muscle issues, and surgical treatments for Crouzon, Apert, Pfeiffer, and Saethre-Chotzen disorders.

More Related Videos

A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy
06:08

A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy

Published on: January 23, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy
06:08

A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy

Published on: January 23, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Strabismus is a common ocular misalignment affecting patients with craniosynostosis.
  • Prevalence ranges from 39% to 90.9% in specific craniosynostosis syndromes such as Crouzon, Apert, Pfeiffer, and Saethre-Chotzen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of strabismus in craniosynostosis syndromes.
  • To discuss the proposed mechanisms underlying strabismus in these conditions.
  • To outline surgical management options for complex ocular misalignment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data on strabismus in craniosynostosis.
  • Analysis of proposed etiological theories including muscle abnormalities.
  • Review of surgical techniques for ocular misalignment correction.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of strabismus across multiple craniosynostosis syndromes.
  • Multiple theories proposed for strabismus etiology, including absent muscles, muscle pulley instability, and excyclorotation.
  • Surgical interventions are often necessary for complex cases.

Conclusions:

  • Strabismus is a significant and frequent complication of craniosynostosis syndromes.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for effective management.
  • Surgical treatment offers options for correcting ocular misalignment in these patients.