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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

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Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
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Active surveillance for small renal masses.

Phillip M Pierorazio1, Elias S Hyams, Jeffrey K Mullins

  • 1Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD.

Reviews in Urology
|November 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active surveillance is a safe option for small renal masses (SRMs), with less than 2% progressing to metastatic disease. This approach is suitable for patients who are not candidates for surgery.

Keywords:
Active surveillanceRenal cell carcinomaSmall renal mass

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Small renal masses (SRMs) incidence has increased, creating management challenges.
  • SRMs are biologically diverse, with multiple treatment options and good oncologic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on active surveillance (AS) for SRMs.
  • To discuss operational considerations for implementing an AS program.
  • To outline criteria for patient selection for AS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of retrospective and prospective studies on AS for SRMs.
  • Analysis of oncologic outcomes and progression rates.
  • Evaluation of patient selection criteria and program logistics.

Main Results:

  • AS is a viable option for SRMs, especially for patients avoiding surgery.
  • Less than 2% of patients on AS progressed to metastatic disease in reviewed studies.
  • Established criteria allow for safe patient selection for AS.

Conclusions:

  • Active surveillance is a safe and effective strategy for select patients with small renal masses.
  • Careful patient selection and program management are crucial for successful AS.
  • AS offers a valuable alternative to immediate intervention for SRMs.