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Updated: May 16, 2026

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction
Published on: September 28, 2019
Electrodiagnosis of brachial plexopathies and proximal upper extremity neuropathies
1Neuromuscular Program and ALS Center, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. zsimmons@psu.edu
Abstract:
This article describes the normal anatomy of the brachial plexus and its major terminal branches, as well as the major causes and clinical presentations of lesions of these structures. An approach to electrodiagnosis of brachial plexopathies and proximal upper extremity neuropathies is provided, with an emphasis on those nerve conduction studies and portions of the needle examination, which permit localization of lesions to specific trunks, cords, and terminal branches. The importance of specific sensory nerve conduction studies for differentiating plexopathies from radiculopathies and mononeuropathies is emphasized.
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