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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Reasoning01:30

Reasoning

Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way. It is integral to problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking. Reasoning can be inductive or deductive. Reasoning involves transforming information into conclusions, which is essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking.
Inductive reasoning involves deriving generalizations from specific observations. This type of reasoning helps form beliefs about the world. For example,...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development

The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

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Early executive function predicts reasoning development.

Lindsey E Richland1, Margaret R Burchinal

  • 1Department of Comparative Human Development,University of Chicago, 5736 S. Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA. lrichland@uchicago.edu

Psychological Science
|November 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early executive function and vocabulary skills predict later analogical reasoning. Stronger executive functioning in childhood leads to long-term gains in fundamental reasoning, highlighting key developmental pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Developmental psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Analogical reasoning is a key human cognitive skill linked to intelligence and learning.
  • The developmental origins of analogical reasoning remain incompletely understood.
  • Existing research often relies on smaller, cross-sectional studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of growth in analogical reasoning skill from childhood to adolescence.
  • To integrate findings from previous cross-sectional studies on analogy development.
  • To analyze longitudinal data to understand the long-term trajectory of analogical reasoning.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of large-scale longitudinal data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development.
  • Assessment of executive-function skills (composite and inhibitory control) and vocabulary knowledge in early elementary school.
  • Statistical adjustment for key covariates to isolate predictor effects.

Main Results:

  • Higher executive-function skills and vocabulary knowledge in early childhood predicted higher verbal analogies scores at age 15.
  • These findings held even after controlling for other relevant factors.
  • The results support an integrative view of factors influencing analogy development.

Conclusions:

  • Vocabulary knowledge is a prerequisite for strong analogy performance.
  • Early executive functioning is crucial for long-term development of fundamental reasoning abilities.
  • This study provides insights into the developmental pathways of analogical reasoning.