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Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Dynamic Cellular Behaviors in Adult Mouse Dental Tissue Renewal and Repairment

Author Spotlight: Understanding Dynamic Cellular Behaviors in Adult Mouse Dental Tissue Renewal and Repairment

Published on: October 27, 2023

Tooth development from mouse embryonic stem cells and jaw ectomesenchyme.

A Marais¹, B Fabian, B Kramer

¹School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. anita.marais@gmail.com

SADJ : Journal of the South African Dental Association = Tydskrif Van Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging

|December 1, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mouse embryonic stem cells can form teeth when cultured with jaw ectomesenchyme. This indicates jaw ectomesenchyme has inductive potential for tooth development, unlike control cells.

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Last Updated: Dec 30, 2025

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Published on: April 13, 2022

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Stem cell research
Craniofacial development

Background:

Mouse embryonic stem cells differentiate into odontoblasts with oral epithelium.
The inductive capacity of jaw ectomesenchyme on stem cells for tooth formation is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if mouse embryonic jaw ectomesenchyme can induce mouse embryonic stem cells to form teeth.

Main Methods:

Separated 10.5-day and 12.5-day mouse embryonic jaw epithelium and ectomesenchyme.
Combined stem cells or STO control cells with jaw components and cultured in vitro.
Grafted cultures under renal capsule for 21 days, followed by histological and immunocytochemical analysis.

Main Results:

No tooth formation observed in stem cells with jaw epithelium or STO cells with jaw components.
Four out of ten grafts combining stem cells and jaw ectomesenchyme developed distinct teeth.

Conclusions:

Mouse embryonic stem cells, but not STO cells, contribute to tooth formation when induced by jaw ectomesenchyme.
Jaw ectomesenchyme possesses the inductive potential to promote tooth development from embryonic stem cells.