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Related Concept Videos

Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles
10:38

Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles

Published on: September 21, 2018

Building a centriole.

Tomer Avidor-Reiss1, Jayachandran Gopalakrishnan

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA. Tomer.AvidorReiss@utoledo.edu

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centriole formation requires two cell cycles, starting with nucleation by Plk4/Zyg-1 and Asterless/Cep152. Subsequent steps involve Sas-6 self-assembly, elongation by Sas-4/CPAP and CP110, and recruitment of pericentriolar material for functional centrosomes and cilia.

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Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

Published on: August 13, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

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Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles
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Published on: September 21, 2018

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes
09:41

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

Published on: September 20, 2013

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Centrioles are essential basal bodies for centrosomes and cilia.
  • The molecular mechanisms of centriole biogenesis are complex and not fully understood.
  • Centriole formation is crucial for cell division and cellular signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular steps involved in centriole formation.
  • To identify key proteins and their roles in centriole assembly.
  • To understand the temporal regulation of centriole duplication and ciliogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • The study integrates knowledge from various molecular and cell biology experiments.
  • Focuses on the roles of conserved proteins like Plk4/Zyg-1, Asterless/Cep152, Sas-6, Sas-4/CPAP, and CP110.
  • Examines the self-assembly properties of Sas-6 and protein recruitment dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Centriole formation initiates with procentriole nucleation mediated by Plk4/Zyg-1 and Asterless/Cep152.
  • Sas-6 self-assembly provides the nine-fold symmetry scaffold for the centriole.
  • Centriole elongation is regulated by Sas-4/CPAP and CP110, followed by pericentriolar material recruitment.
  • CP110 and associated proteins control the timing of centriole-templated ciliogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Centriole biogenesis is a multi-step, highly regulated process requiring two cell cycles.
  • Specific protein complexes orchestrate distinct phases of centriole assembly, from nucleation to elongation and maturation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for comprehending centrosome function and ciliopathies.