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H F A Diesfeldt, W van der Elst, J Jolles

    Tijdschrift Voor Gerontologie En Geriatrie
    |December 4, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    Semantic verbal fluency tests (VFT) help differentiate normal aging from dementia. Animal naming VFT scores are most sensitive for early dementia detection, while perseveration indicates executive dysfunction.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuropsychology
    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Semantic verbal fluency tests (VFT) are crucial for assessing cognitive function in aging and dementia.
    • Existing VFT norms may not adequately account for demographic influences like age and education.
    • Understanding VFT performance differences between normal aging and dementia is clinically significant.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To derive regression-based normative data for semantic VFT scores (animal, profession, summed) in a large adult sample.
    • To evaluate the clinical utility of these norms in distinguishing normal aging from Alzheimer's and vascular dementia.
    • To investigate the occurrence and correlates of stuck-in-set perseveration in dementia subtypes.

    Main Methods:

    • Regression-based normative data were established using the Maastricht Aging Study (N=1,825; age 24-81).
    • Demographic variables (age, education) were analyzed for their impact on VFT scores.
    • Clinical utility was assessed in a cohort of psychogeriatric patients (N=1,063) with diagnosed dementia.

    Main Results:

    • Age and education significantly affected animal naming, profession naming, and summed VFT scores.
    • Animal naming VFT scores demonstrated the highest sensitivity in differentiating normal aging from dementia.
    • Stuck-in-set perseveration was observed in 50 patients, with higher prevalence in Parkinson dementia and frontotemporal dementia.
    • Perseveration correlated with deficits in free recall and executive functions, particularly response inhibition (Alternating Graphical Sequences Test).

    Conclusions:

    • Newly developed regression-based VFT norms provide valuable tools for cognitive assessment in aging and dementia.
    • Animal naming VFT is a sensitive indicator for detecting dementia.
    • Stuck-in-set perseveration is linked to specific dementia types and executive control deficits, especially response inhibition.

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