Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
Specific Heat01:16

Specific Heat

The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
For example, increasing the temperature of one gram of water by 1°C requires one calorie of heat energy and can be written as 1 cal/g-°C, or 4186 J/kg/K.
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prediction of thermally driven quasi-1D superionic states in carbon hydride under giant planetary conditions.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Absence of High-Pressure Ground-State Reentrant Ferroelectricity in PbTiO_{3}.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Computational Screening and Stabilization of Boron-Substituted Type-I and Type-II Carbon Clathrates.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2023
Same author

Ultrahigh-pressure disordered eight-coordinated phase of Mg<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>4</sub>: Analogue for super-Earth mantles.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2022
Same author

A unifying mechanism governing inter-brain neural relationship during social interactions.

eLife·2022
Same author

Measuring the melting curve of iron at super-Earth core conditions.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2022
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
09:09

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation

Published on: February 5, 2020

Giant electrocaloric effect around Tc.

Maimon C Rose1, R E Cohen

  • 1Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA. mrose@gl.ciw.edu

Physical Review Letters
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found a giant electrocaloric effect (ECE) in lithium niobate, crucial for developing new cooling technologies. Optimal performance for electrocaloric devices is achieved above the ferroelectric transition temperature.

More Related Videos

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings
09:01

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

Published on: April 16, 2017

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
11:11

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

Published on: May 2, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
09:09

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation

Published on: February 5, 2020

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings
09:01

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

Published on: April 16, 2017

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
11:11

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

Published on: May 2, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • The electrocaloric effect (ECE) is a promising phenomenon for solid-state cooling.
  • Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a well-known ferroelectric material with potential for ECE applications.
  • Understanding the conditions for maximizing ECE is critical for device development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrocaloric effect in lithium niobate (LiNbO3) using advanced computational methods.
  • To identify the conditions and operating parameters that lead to a giant electrocaloric effect.
  • To explore the general applicability of these findings to other ferroelectric materials.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
  • A first-principles-based shell model potential was utilized for accurate material representation.
  • The study analyzed the influence of electric fields, temperature, and pressure on the ECE.

Main Results:

  • A giant electrocaloric effect was observed in LiNbO3, particularly along a line associated with the ferroelectric transition.
  • The line of maximum ECE was mapped, extending through the zero-field transition, Widom line, and ferroelectric switching instability.
  • The inverse capacitance minimum under an applied electric field defines this critical line.

Conclusions:

  • The observed behavior in LiNbO3 is expected to be general for ferroelectric materials.
  • For optimal electrocaloric device performance in refrigeration and energy scavenging, operation should occur above the ferroelectric transition temperature.
  • The relationship between the ferroelectric transition temperature (Tc), Widom line, and switching behavior is likely universal across various ferroic materials and under different field types.