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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
14:58

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Published on: October 20, 2017

Intracranial vertebral artery dissections: evolving perspectives.

M S Ali1, P S Amenta, R M Starke

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Interventional Neuroradiology : Journal of Peritherapeutic Neuroradiology, Surgical Procedures and Related Neurosciences
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) causes many posterior circulation strokes. This review covers VAD diagnosis, medical and surgical treatments, and advances in imaging and endovascular techniques for better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Intracranial vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a key cause of posterior circulation ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • VAD presents diagnostic and management challenges, impacting long-term patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of VAD etiology and diagnostic advancements.
  • To discuss medical and surgical management strategies for intracranial VAD.
  • To highlight the evolution of endovascular techniques in treating VAD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on intracranial VAD.
  • Analysis of data on medical management, including anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.
  • Discussion of surgical interventions, including open and endovascular procedures.

Main Results:

  • Advances in understanding VAD pathogenesis and imaging techniques improve diagnosis.
  • Medical management focuses on anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy.
  • Endovascular techniques are evolving, offering new treatment options for VAD.

Conclusions:

  • Improved diagnostic tools and understanding of VAD are crucial.
  • A combination of medical and endovascular approaches optimizes VAD treatment.
  • Continued evolution of endovascular technology promises enhanced VAD management.