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Related Concept Videos

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Antibiotic Selection

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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Influence of Elimination Half-Life on Effect Duration01:23

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Influence of Elimination Half-Life on Effect Duration

Drug elimination from the body primarily occurs through metabolic and excretion pathways. Hepatic metabolism transforms lipophilic drugs into hydrophilic forms for excretion, typically via enzymatic processes classified as phase I (modification) and phase II (conjugation). Renal excretion eliminates drugs and metabolites through filtration and secretion in the kidneys. Impairment in liver or kidney function can hinder these processes, delaying drug clearance and extending the drug’s half-life.
Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods01:19

Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods

A medication’s effectiveness largely depends on its appropriate dosage and the route of administration. Dosage ensures that a sufficient drug concentration is maintained in the bloodstream to elicit the desired therapeutic effect without causing toxicity. The route of administration affects the drug's bioavailability, rate of absorption, and onset of action, which are crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Drug dosage calculations are critical to tailoring therapy to individual...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
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Published on: July 24, 2021

[How could antibiotics be better prescribed?].

Céline Pulcini1, Christian Rabaud

  • 1CHU de Nice, service d'infectiologie, hôpital l'Archet-1, 06202 Nice Cedex 3, France. pulcini.c@chu-nice.fr

La Revue Du Praticien
|December 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

France needs to reduce its high antibiotic use to combat the growing bacterial resistance crisis. Key strategies include structured prescribing, diagnostic tests, and continuous medical education for physicians.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Management
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • France exhibits high rates of antibiotic consumption compared to other European nations.
  • The global rise in bacterial resistance necessitates urgent antimicrobial stewardship.
  • Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing contributes significantly to antimicrobial resistance.

Purpose:

  • To outline essential strategies for optimizing antibiotic prescribing in France.
  • To emphasize the importance of judicious antibiotic use in addressing the resistance crisis.

Summary:

  • Implementing a structured approach to antibiotic prescription is crucial.
  • Utilizing diagnostic tests when appropriate aids in targeted therapy.
  • Adherence to clinical guidelines and seeking specialist consultation for complex cases are vital.

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Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
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Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

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Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
10:49

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

  • Patient education and ongoing physician training are key components of antimicrobial stewardship.
  • Impact:

    • Reduced antibiotic use can mitigate the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
    • Improved prescribing practices can lead to better patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.
    • Enhanced antimicrobial stewardship contributes to global efforts in combating infectious diseases.