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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Blinking predicts enhanced cognitive control.

Marlies E van Bochove1, Lise Van der Haegen, Wim Notebaert

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. Marlies.vanBochove@ugent.be

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|December 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control adapts trial-to-trial, influenced by neuromodulation. Dopamine (DA), indicated by eye blinks, enhances this control, suggesting its key role in cognitive flexibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuromodulation
  • Human Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive control adapts dynamically based on recent experience.
  • Neuromodulators like dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are hypothesized to mediate these adaptations.
  • The adaptation-by-binding model proposes enhanced binding of representations underlies increased cognitive control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of neuromodulation in trial-to-trial cognitive control adaptations.
  • To examine the relationship between dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) activity and cognitive control.
  • To assess how eye blinks (DA-related) and pupil dilation (NE-related) influence the Gratton effect.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a flanker task to measure cognitive control.
  • The Gratton effect, a decrease in the congruency effect after incongruent trials, was used as an index of cognitive control.
  • Eye blinks and pupil dilation were recorded as physiological measures related to DA and NE.

Main Results:

  • Pupil dilation results were inconclusive regarding NE's role.
  • Eye blinks significantly modulated the Gratton effect, enhancing it after a blink trial.
  • This enhancement persisted even after controlling for confounding variables, supporting DA's role.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine (DA) plays a significant role in trial-to-trial cognitive control adaptations.
  • Eye blinks serve as a reliable indicator of DA's influence on cognitive control.
  • Findings support the neuromodulatory basis of cognitive control adjustments.