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Updated: May 16, 2026

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording
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Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

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A 3D glass optrode array for optical neural stimulation.

T V F Abaya1, S Blair, P Tathireddy

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.

Biomedical Optics Express
|December 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study characterizes fused silica optrode arrays for neural stimulation. These arrays efficiently deliver light for optogenetic and infrared applications, demonstrating robustness for deep tissue access.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Optogenetic and infrared neural stimulation require efficient light delivery systems.
  • Developing microscale optical probes (optrodes) is crucial for precise neural interfacing.
  • Fused silica offers potential for robust and biocompatible optrode fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optically characterize a novel SiO(2) optrode array for neural stimulation.
  • To evaluate light delivery efficiency and loss mechanisms in fused silica optrodes.
  • To assess the suitability of these optrodes for deep tissue optical access.

Main Methods:

  • Micromachining of fused silica and quartz discs to create 10x10 optrode arrays.
  • Characterization of light in-coupling using optical fibers and collimated beams.
Keywords:
(170.3660) Light propagation in tissues(170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation(220.4610) Optical fabrication(230.7380) Waveguides, channeled

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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  • Measurement of transmission efficiency, transmittance, and output beam profiles for various optrode geometries.

    • Main Results:

    • Highest transmission efficiency of 71% achieved with a 50-μm multi-mode fiber.
    • Optrode length and tip angle did not impact output power.
    • Optrode width and tip angle independently influenced beam size and divergence.

    Conclusions:

    • The SiO(2) optrode array is a viable waveguide for optogenetic and IR neural stimulation.
    • Fabricated optrodes demonstrate robust performance for light delivery in biological tissues.
    • Geometric parameters like width and tip angle can be optimized to control light output characteristics.