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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Optimizing pump threshold and conversion efficiency of whispering gallery optical parametric oscillators by

Tobias Beckmann1, Karsten Buse, Ingo Breunig

  • 1Laboratory for Optical Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering—IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, Freiburg 79110, Germany. tobias.beckmann@imtek.de

Optics Letters
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Summary

Optical parametric oscillation in whispering gallery resonators shows strong dependence on coupling strength. Experiments confirm predictions, demonstrating a 20x change in pump threshold and up to 30% efficiency, enabling tunable input powers.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics
  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Whispering gallery resonators are key for nonlinear optical processes.
  • Coupling strength is a critical parameter influencing resonator performance.
  • Optical parametric oscillation (OPO) is a vital nonlinear process for frequency conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the impact of coupling strength on OPO threshold and efficiency in whispering gallery resonators.
  • To validate theoretical predictions regarding the relationship between coupling strength and OPO performance.
  • To explore the tunability of OPO systems by varying coupling strength.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of whispering gallery resonators.
  • Systematic variation of the coupling strength over three orders of magnitude.
  • Precise measurement of pump threshold and conversion efficiency for OPO.

Main Results:

  • Experimental results confirm the strong dependence of OPO threshold and efficiency on coupling strength.
  • Pump threshold varied by a factor of 20, with a minimum of 0.20 mW achieved under significant pump undercoupling.
  • Conversion efficiency increased monotonically with coupling strength, reaching a maximum of 30%.

Conclusions:

  • Coupling strength is a crucial design parameter for optimizing OPO in whispering gallery resonators.
  • The demonstrated tunability allows adaptation to a wide range of input power levels.
  • High efficiencies and low thresholds are achievable through precise control of coupling, enabling practical applications.