Fucoidan prevents multiple myeloma cell escape from chemotherapy-induced drug cytotoxicity

Minimal residual disease (MRD) occurrence with some chemotherapy drugs that promote tumor cell escape is also a key factor in blood malignancy relapse. We observed that cytarabine promotes multiple myeloma (MM) cell escape and that the number of cells in the lower chamber increased with increasing clinical disease stage in in vitro model which was constructed by a Boyden chamber, matrigel glue and serum from MM patients in different disease stages. The mechanism of cytarabine that promotes MM cell escape is closely associated with the up-regulation of CXCR4. SDF-1α can up-regulate the expression of MMP9 and RHoC proteins in MM cells with up-regulated CXCR4, and further promote the cell escape. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide in the cell wall matrix of brown algae, has attracted much attention for its multiple biological activities, and we further explored the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of fucoidan on MM cell escape from cytarabine cytotoxicity. The results show that fucoidan may decrease MM cell escape from cytarabine cytotoxicity, and that fucoidan can down-regulate CXCR4, MMP9 and RHoC expression. This research provides new direction for investigating MRD occurrence and prevention.