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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place, the Gibbs energy change must be...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Chemical Symbols01:09

Chemical Symbols

A chemical symbol is an abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. We use the same symbol to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
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Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods
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ChemEx: information extraction system for chemical data curation.

Atima Tharatipyakul1, Somrak Numnark, Duangdao Wichadakul

  • 1Information Systems Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand.

BMC Bioinformatics
|January 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ChemEx automates chemical data curation by extracting compounds, organisms, and assays from publications. This system combines text mining and structure image recognition to improve data accuracy and accessibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Informatics
  • Cheminformatics
  • Scientific Literature Analysis

Background:

  • Manual chemical data curation from scientific publications is inefficient, prone to errors, and difficult to keep current.
  • Automated information extraction offers a solution to these challenges in data management.
  • Extracting chemical information requires integrating both text mining and chemical structure image recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated system for chemical information extraction from scientific literature.
  • To address the limitations of manual data curation in terms of speed, accuracy, and maintainability.

Main Methods:

  • Developed ChemEx, a chemical information extraction system processing both text and images.
  • Implemented a text annotator to identify compound, organism, and assay entities.
  • Integrated structure image recognition to convert chemical raster images into machine-readable formats.

Main Results:

  • ChemEx successfully extracts key chemical entities (compounds, organisms, assays) from publications.
  • The system provides users with annotated text and summarized information on compounds and associated assays.
  • Structure image recognition enables the conversion of chemical images to a usable digital format.

Conclusions:

  • ChemEx significantly accelerates and enhances chemical data curation from extensive publication collections.
  • The developed software and corpus are available for download, promoting wider adoption and research.
  • Automated extraction of compounds, organisms, and assays improves the efficiency of scientific data management.