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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Voice conversion in cochlear implantation.

Eric P Wilkinson1, Ossama Abdel-Hamid, John J Galvin

  • 1House Ear Clinic, Los Angeles, California 90057, USA. ewilkinson@hei.org

The Laryngoscope
|January 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cochlear implant (CI) users can utilize fundamental frequency (F0) information in voice conversion, but performance is poorer than with original speech. Algorithms showed better female-to-male conversion, suggesting potential for pitch-related tasks despite spectral limitations.

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Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access
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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology and Speech Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Cochlear implant (CI) users often struggle with speech perception, especially with varying talkers.
  • Voice conversion (VC) algorithms aim to improve speech intelligibility by altering speech characteristics.
  • The role of fundamental frequency (F0) in VC for CI users remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate voice conversion algorithms for CI users.
  • To investigate the impact of including source or target talker's F0 in converted speech.
  • To assess perception of converted speech for intelligibility, quality, and gender discrimination.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and evaluated cepstral analysis-based VC algorithms in six CI users.
  • Converted speech between male and female talkers, manipulating F0 inclusion.
  • Assessed performance via IEEE sentence recognition, speech quality ratings, and voice gender discrimination.

Main Results:

  • CI users strongly utilized included F0 for gender recognition in VC speech.
  • Performance on sentence recognition and speech quality was worse with VC than original speech.
  • Female-to-male VC yielded better results than male-to-female VC.

Conclusions:

  • CI users can leverage temporal periodicity (F0) for certain pitch-related tasks.
  • Spectral channel limitations in CI users may degrade VC performance due to distorted formants and spectral envelope.
  • VC algorithms require further refinement to overcome CI-related processing limitations.