Information Processing Approach
Mathematical Modeling: Problem Solving
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development
Problem-Solving
Cognitive Development During Adolescence
Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development
You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: May 15, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
Tammy D Tolar1, Lynn Fuchs, Paul T Cirino
1Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston.
Cognitive skills like language and nonverbal reasoning are key to solving word problems (WPS). Different skills support initial performance versus growth in WPS, especially with varying problem complexity.
Area of Science:
Background:
Purpose of the Study:
Main Methods:
Main Results:
Conclusions: